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Associations among smoking status, including the use of cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, and heated cigarettes, periodontal condition, and tooth loss in employed Japanese adults: a cross-sectional study

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-07003-0

Published Online: 2025-10-10

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Hashimoto, Hiroko

Shimazaki, Yoshihiro https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5555-3954
Nonoyama, Toshiya

Kito, Hisanao

Segawa, Nobuhiro

Okai, Makoto

Uchibori, Noriyasu

Tomaru, Sayuri

Kawahara, Misako
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (22K10353)
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-10-10

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Article History

Received: 4 December 2023

Accepted: 17 September 2025

First Online: 10 October 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the School of Dentistry of Aichi Gakuin University (approval number 573) and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided written informed consent.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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