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Surface deterioration and poor handling of sports mouthguards for young football players promote bacterial attachment and colonisation requiring mechanical cleaning

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-07016-9

Published Online: 2025-11-04

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Badari, Raghu Nandan

Zaferanloo, Bita

Butardo, Vito Jr.

Sumer, Huseyin
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-11-04

Version of Record valid from 2025-11-04
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Article History

Received: 19 May 2025

Accepted: 19 September 2025

First Online: 4 November 2025

Declarations

:

: All experimental procedures were approved by the Swinburne University of Technology Biosafety Committee (2016SBC01) and consultation with the Swinburne Human Ethics committee. All participants guardians signed written informed consent before enrolment in the study. This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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