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Authors
Chu, Sijing
Wang, Yizhou
Duan, Zhonghua
Wu, Pei
Wang, Yuhua
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Science and Technology Committee of Fengxian District, Shanghai, China (FK20221402)
National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China (NCRCO202332)
Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipality (24ZR1443600)
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Article History
Received: 19 January 2025
Accepted: 19 September 2025
First Online: 5 November 2025
Declarations
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: This research project (Ref. number: SH9H-2023-T342-2) was approved by the research ethics committee of the Shanghai Ninth Hospital in accordance with the ethical guidelines of the Helsinki Declaration as revised in 2000. All participants signed the informed consent form.
: All participants signed the informed consent form.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
