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Article History

Received: 30 April 2025

Accepted: 29 September 2025

First Online: 22 October 2025

Declarations

:

: The study protocol was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was approved by the Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry Ethics Committee (Approval No: 2020/501). Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.