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Authors
Wang, Xiao-ming
Wang, Wei-ning
Zhang, Yu
Wei, Hui
Huo, Yi-fei
Xue, Hui
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (lzujbky-2023-24)
Gansu Province Health and Healthcare Industry Research Projects (GSWSKY2024-21)
Fifth Gusu Outstanding Youth Medical Foundation of Suzhou (GSWS2019062-GSWS2020077)
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Article History
Received: 18 April 2025
Accepted: 29 September 2025
First Online: 31 October 2025
Declarations
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: We obtained ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of Stomatological Hospital, Lanzhou University, before retrieving CBCT data from patients for measurement studies (LDKQ-2023-028). The informed consent to participate was obtained from all of the participants in the study, and all related experiments were conducted in strict accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
