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Authors
Liu, Yixin
Zhang, Yusong
Lin, Peiying
Pan, Jie
Xu, Mengqi
Li, Xiaozhe
Liu, Dongxu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82471036)
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Article History
Received: 24 February 2025
Accepted: 3 October 2025
First Online: 3 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Stomatological Hospital, Shandong University (Protocol NO.20240918), and informed consent was obtained from the participants before inclusion in the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
