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Authors
Qi, Wei
Qian, Jing
Hu, Leihao
Xie, Xiaoyan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Program for New Clinical Techniques and Therapies of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology (PKUSSNCT-23A10)
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Article History
Received: 31 May 2025
Accepted: 7 October 2025
First Online: 10 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study adhered to the principles of the Helsinki Declaration and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Peking University School of Stomatology (PKUSSIRB-2025108046). The privacy rights of human subjects were observed and informed consent was obtained for experimentation with human subjects.
: Not applicable.
: WQ and JQ contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors.
