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Authors
Zhang, Rui
Ma, Xiangtao
Song, Jianing
Guo, Xiaoman
Chen, Zeyu
Liu, Taohong
Wu, Mingxuan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Department of Education of Hebei Province (ZD20220007)
the Department of Finance of Hebei Province (ZF2023013)
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Article History
Received: 28 November 2024
Accepted: 7 October 2025
First Online: 22 November 2025
Declarations
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: I confrm that I have read the Editorial Policy pages. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University (approval no. (2024) 001). This study was conducted in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
