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Authors
Szymczak, Aleksandra
Suchodolski, Michał
Forszt, Dominika
Olszewska, Aneta
Roszak, Magdalena
Paszyńska, Elżbieta
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Article History
Received: 4 June 2025
Accepted: 22 October 2025
First Online: 24 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and involved only retrospective analysis of fully anonymized data and did not include any direct involvement of patients. In accordance with Polish legislation- Article 26 [ ] of the Act of 6 November 2008 on the Patients’ Rights and Patients’ Rights Ombudsman (Journal of Laws 2023, item 1545), access to anonymized, exclusively numerical medical data for research purposes does not require patient consent. While seeking medical care, patients effectively consented to data processing. The relevant Poznan University of Medical Sciences bioethics committee (decision n. KB- 526/25) classified the study non-experimental and therefore ethical approval was not required.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
