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Stability, survival and costs of vacuum-formed retainers versus bonded lingual braided rectangular and multistranded round wire retainers in the mandible of orthodontic patients over a two-year period

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-07174-w

Published Online: 2025-11-14

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Kanizaj Ugrin, Silvija

Kiseri Kubati, Jeta

Cirgic, Emina

Simeon, Paris

Spalj, Stjepan
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Sveučilište u Rijeci (uniri-iz-25-57)
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-11-14

Version of Record valid from 2025-11-14
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Article History

Received: 2 June 2025

Accepted: 22 October 2025

First Online: 14 November 2025

Declarations

:

: All participants signed an informed consent form. In individuals younger than the age of 16 consent to participate was obtained from their parents or legal guardians. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committees of the Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka (No. 2170-57-006-01-22-1) and the School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb (No. 05-PA-30-III-12/2021).

: Written informed consent was obtained from each patient, parent or legal guardian.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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