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Authors
Kim, Soo-Min
Choi, Min-Hyuk
Han, Seung-Hee
Kim, Min-Jin
Kim, Jo-Eun
Huh, Kyung-Hoe
Lee, Sam-Sun
Heo, Min-Suk
Yi, Won-Jin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2023-NR077088)
Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (RS-2025-14322975)
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Article History
Received: 30 June 2025
Accepted: 24 October 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Declarations
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: Informed consent was waived under the approval of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Seoul National University Dental Hospital (ERI18001). The study met the all required conditions, including the impracticality of obtaining consent and the minimal risk to research subjects. The study was also conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
