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Authors
Li, Qian
Li, YanLing
Tian, Yan
Xiang, Juan
Xu, Ting
Tang, EnJie
He, Jing
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Nursing Cultivation Project of the Second Affiliated Hospital of the Army Military Medical University
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Article History
Received: 8 March 2025
Accepted: 24 October 2025
First Online: 4 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (PLA) (Approval No. 2023-New Technology No. 074 − 01). It was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant guidelines, and informed consent was obtained from all participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
