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Authors
Lu, Wen
Liu, Linjuan
Li, Jianhong
Yang, Haoyue
Yang, Yongqin
Hu, Qingang
Song, Xiaowei
Liu, Liu
Yang, Xihu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Jiangsu Province Graduate Research and Practice Innovation Program (KYCX24_4038)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82173380)
Key Research and Development Projects of Jiangsu Province (BE2022671)
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Article History
Received: 3 June 2025
Accepted: 27 October 2025
First Online: 24 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Nanjing Stomatology Hospital (2017NL-013(KS)) and Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University. We confirm that all methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. We certify that the study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
