Zhang, WenYue
Li, Zhihui
Liu, Yan
Cao, ZhiHui
Yu, Guiling
Kong, Yan
Funding for this research was provided by:
Supported by Qingdao Key Medical and Health Discipline Project
Article History
Received: 1 April 2025
Accepted: 28 October 2025
First Online: 25 November 2025
Declarations
:
: This study adhered to the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained by the ethics committee of medical college Qingdao University. Ref: QDU-HEC-2024430. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.