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Authors
Urakawa, Ryuta https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0412-4118
Horie, Yuto
Ohishi, Minako
Machida, Yasuko
Ikeda, Yoshiko
Nagashima, Hiromi
Toda, Fumie
Ueda, Hiroko
Nozaki, Kazunori
Mima, Shiho
Seki, Soju
Yokota, Yusuke
Isomura, Emiko Tanaka
Ikeda, Kenji
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Article History
Received: 30 July 2025
Accepted: 29 October 2025
First Online: 24 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki’s relevant guidelines and regulations and with the approval of the Ethical Review Boards of The Osaka University Dental Hospital (Approval No. R5-E29-2), and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Osaka (Approval No. Yakuhito202317). Because of the retrospective nature of the study, informed consent was waived.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
