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Authors
Chin, Yu Jie
Doss, Jennifer Geraldine
Musa, Sabri
Mahmoud, Danaee
Mani, Shani Ann
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Dental Postgraduate Research Grant , Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya. (UMG008E-2023, UMG008E-2023, UMG008E-2023, UMG008E-2023)
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Article History
Received: 17 July 2025
Accepted: 30 October 2025
First Online: 21 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, with the reference Number: (DF CD2318/0039 (P). Informed consent to participate was obtained from the participants prior to data collection, in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
