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Authors
Kim, Yea-Na
Choi, Eun-Hack Andrew
Mangal, Utkarsh
Yu, Jae-Hun
Cha, Jung-Yul
Park, Sun Hyung
Kim, Jun-Young
Choi, Sung-Hwan
Yu, Hyung-Seog
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Education and Gangwon State, Republic of Korea (2025−RISE−10−101)
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Article History
Received: 2 September 2024
Accepted: 31 October 2025
First Online: 21 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study followed the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Yonsei University Dental Hospital (IRB No. 2-2024-0031). A waiver for ethics approval and informed consent for the use of anonymized and retrospectively analyzed data.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
