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Authors
Otsuki, Naoko
Yamamoto, Ryohei
Mameno, Tomoaki
Takeuchi, Satoko
Shinzawa, Maki
Kono, Ayumi
Ikebe, Kazunori
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Wider-Area Union for the Medical Care System for Elderly People in Osaka Prefecture
JSPS KAKENHI (24K02764)
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Article History
Received: 14 November 2024
Accepted: 3 November 2025
First Online: 24 November 2025
Declarations
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: The study protocol was approved by the ethics committees of Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University (No. 2) and Graduate School of Dentistry (No. R4–M2–1), Osaka University.The data used from the Kokuho database (KDB) was obtained from the Wider-Area Union for the Medical Care System for Elderly People in Osaka Prefecture and underwent a de-identification process to ensure the privacy and confidentiality of individuals. The research team had no access to personally identifiable information, and all data handling followed stringent data security and privacy protection standards. Informed consent was not required for this study using KDB data, as it involved analysis solely of de-identified data derived from pre-existing medical claims records.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
