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Authors
Yang, Xiaofu
Sun, Miao
Shu, Cheng
Lu, Jingyi
He, Huihui
Liu, Longju
Xu, Erhao
Lin, Jun
Yu, Mengfei
Wang, Huiming
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82122014, 82071085, 82020108011)
Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LR21H140001, LQ22C100003, LY22H060007)
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFA0703000)
Medical Technology and Education of Zhejiang Province of China (2018KY501)
Foundation of Zhejiang University (2022QZJH55)
the "Pioneer" and "Leading Goose" R&D Program of Zhejiang (2025C02101)
Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Zhejiang Province (No. 2024ZY01033)
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Article History
Received: 23 August 2025
Accepted: 7 November 2025
First Online: 8 January 2026
Declarations
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: All patients were entirely informed of the surgical techniques and treatment alternatives. All patients involved had provided their informed consent prior to inclusion in the study. This study adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki throughout all research phases. This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of The Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China (2023–005). The registration was made in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration number: ChiCTR2400083954).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
