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Authors
Aly, Aya Y.
Abdel-Fattah, Wegdan M.
Gepreel, Mohamed A.
Afifi, Rania R.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Alexandria University
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Article History
Received: 23 July 2025
Accepted: 11 November 2025
First Online: 4 December 2025
Declarations
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: The protocol was approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University (IRB NO 0561 − 12/2022) and registered under registration number IORG0008839. Human molars ( n = 36) and anteriors ( n = 36), extracted for therapeutic reasons, were collected from informed consent of patients who agreed to voluntarily donate them for research, in compliance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
