Document is current

Article History

Received: 15 July 2025

Accepted: 14 November 2025

First Online: 27 November 2025

Declarations

:

: This study has been approved by the Institutional ethics committee of School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University (K2021059). Our study adhered to the principles of the Helsinki Declaration, and all participants provided their informed consent by signing a consent form. Before the investigation, we informed the respondents about the purpose and research methods of this study in various ways, and each respondent signed the informed consent.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.