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Authors
Zhao, Wenya
Gan, Dan
Zhao, Dong
Liao, Jiangwei
Zhou, Huirong
Li, Jianing
Wu, Junjie
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the New Technology and New Business Project of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University (LX2021-320)
the Youth and Middle-aged Clinical Research Project of the Orthodontics Committee of the Chinese Stomatological Association (COS-C2021-03)
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Article History
Received: 5 March 2025
Accepted: 18 November 2025
First Online: 3 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University (Approval No. IRB-REV-2021100). All procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki, and the volunteer provided informed consent by signing an informed consent form.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
