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Biomechanical evaluation of three full-arch immediate loading protocols in the mandible via finite element analysis: All-on-4, Trefoil, and Five-implant design

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-07404-1

Published Online: 2025-11-27

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

BAKİ, Nagehan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3221-4543
AVCU, Güler YILDIRIM https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8461-7774
TUZLALI, Mesut https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7602-8101
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Inonu University Scientific Research Projects Unit, Malatya, Türkiye (TDH-2020-2271)
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-11-27

Version of Record valid from 2025-12-30
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Article History

Received: 8 September 2025

Accepted: 21 November 2025

First Online: 27 November 2025

Declarations

:

: This study is an in vitro 3D finite element stress analysis study. Ethical approval is not needed.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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