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Authors
Zhang, Xiao-yan
Li, Yuan-tao
Guo, Jie
Feng, Ying
Han, Qian
Zhang, Shi-han
Gao, Yu
Yin, Hao-tian
Ding, Xiao-xu
Li, Xiang-jun
Liang, Bei-bei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Hebei Provincial Government-Funded Clinical Medicine Talent Cultivation Program (ZF2025241)
Hebei Provincial Government-Funded Clinical Medicine Talent Cultivation Program (ZF2024151)
Research projects under the Hebei Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2025350)
Research projects under the Hebei Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2025350)
Research projects under the Hebei Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2025350)
Research projects under the Hebei Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2025350)
Research projects under the Hebei Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2025350)
Hebei Province Medical Science Research Project (20240101)
S&T Program of Hebei (25297704D)
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Article History
Received: 14 September 2025
Accepted: 21 November 2025
First Online: 1 December 2025
Declarations
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: Our study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki, specifies the approving ethics committee with its reference number, and describes the process of obtaining informed consent. The collection and use of these human tissue samples were strictly conducted in accordance with the guidelines approved by the Ethics Committee of the School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University (IRB-ID: [2024]066), and informed consent was obtained from all patients prior to the study. All animal experiments were conducted in accordance with the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Hebei Medical University (Ethics Approval Reference Number: [IACUC-Hebmu-P-2025393]). As the animals were commercially sourced specifically for biomedical research, informed consent from the owner was not applicable. All methods are reported in accordance with ARRIVE guidelines.
: This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form (including any individual details, images, or videos).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
