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Authors
Soliman, Ahmed A.
Sherif, Raef A.
Abdallah, Amr M.
Mobarak, Ahmed M.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Alexandria University
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Article History
Received: 9 September 2025
Accepted: 21 November 2025
First Online: 17 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University (IORG:0008839, approval no. 0622-02/2023). All methods were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the ethical guidelines adopted by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University. No human participants were involved in the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
