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Authors
Li, Fangzhe
Wang, Fushi
Zhang, Ying
Lin, Yeyu
Tang, Wenhui
Meng, Liuyan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 82071107)
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2042024YXA009)
Wuhan Special Project on Knowledge Innovation (no. 2022020801010498)
Key R&D projects of Hubei Provincial Science and Technology Plan (no. 2023BCB134)
Research Project of School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University (ZW202404)
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Article History
Received: 25 August 2025
Accepted: 22 November 2025
First Online: 27 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China (No. 2023/D16).Extracted teeth were collected from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China. All extracted tooth donors provided informed consent and signed the informed consent forms.We clarify that this study was conducted in compliance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
