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Authors
Balbaa, Nermine M. https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3258-0690
Hamza, Maha A.
Abdelaziz, Wafaa E.
Adham, May M.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Alexandria University
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Article History
Received: 19 August 2025
Accepted: 22 November 2025
First Online: 12 December 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University (IRB 00010556–IORG 0008839) prior to any research-related activities and the trial was registered under the protocol ID (NCT06734325) according to the CONSORT statement of the updated guidelines for reporting randomised clinical trials. The study abided by the Declaration of Helsinki [ ] and followed the ethical guidelines established by the Research Ethics Committee. Participants were provided with detailed information about the study and were informed that their participation was entirely voluntary, with the right to withdraw at any point without any consequences. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant before enrollment. To protect privacy and confidentiality, all data used for this study were de-identified.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
