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Authors
Wahby, Salma Magdy
Nour, Khaled Aly
Ghallab, Omaima Hassan
Adel, Khaled Mohamed
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ain Shams University
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Article History
Received: 30 July 2025
Accepted: 24 November 2025
First Online: 17 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study did not include any human participants, the human Cone-Beam Computer Tomography scans of maxillary premolars used in this study were collected anonymously from the Oral Radiology Department archive and obtained with the approval of the Research ethics committee of Ain Shams University (FDASU-Rec ED032150) following the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
