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Authors
Zhai, Tianyang
Sun, Zhongyi
Xie, Qianyang
Wu, Yanhui
Zou, Huiru
Ni, Jing
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Science and Technology Project Fund of SongJiang District (22SJKJGG43)
Cross-disciplinary Research Fund of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong university School of Medicine (JYJC202211)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NO.82301067)
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Article History
Received: 11 May 2025
Accepted: 25 November 2025
First Online: 2 December 2025
Declarations
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: The CHARLS study was approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Peking University, and all participants signed written informed consent. This study uses publicly available anonymized data, which is exempt from ethical review.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
