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Authors
Kheshfeh, Mohammad N.
Nassar, Neriman
Hajeer, Mohammad Y.
Aljabban, Ossama
Alam, Mohammad Khursheed
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Damascus University (501100020595)
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Article History
Received: 4 July 2025
Accepted: 1 December 2025
First Online: 5 December 2025
Declaration
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: The study was approved by the Local Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Damascus (UDDS-594-10072023/SRC-2945). All procedures involving human participants were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the Institutional Research Committee and with Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. As all participants in this study were children aged between 9 and 13 years, informed consent to participate was obtained from their parents or legal guardians.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
