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Authors
Ellakany, Passent https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2995-8111
Tauqir, Saman https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9457-1123
Ali, Saqib https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2421-0753
Mikhail, Sara S.
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Article History
Received: 15 June 2025
Accepted: 1 December 2025
First Online: 9 December 2025
Declarations
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: was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt (#0899-03/2024) and Institutional Review Board, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia (IRB-2024-02-692). Written informed consent was obtained prior to participation for all participants. Participants were reminded of their right to withdraw anytime without consequences. Paricipants have been informed in writing that data were being made during the project and provided written informed consent for publication. All study procedures were carried out in compliance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not Applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
