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Authors
Topdagi, Basak
Guler, Ceren Cakar
Sultanoglu, Elifnur Guzelce
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Article History
Received: 5 July 2025
Accepted: 3 December 2025
First Online: 9 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Hamidiye Scientific Research Ethics Committee of the University of Health Sciences (Approval No: 2025/10–17, Date: 25.05.2025) and was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. As this was an in vitro study involving only extracted human teeth obtained from anonymous sources, with no identifiable patient data and no direct involvement of human participants, the requirement for informed consent was formally waived by the Hamidiye Scientific Research Ethics Committee, in accordance with national regulations governing the use of anonymized biological materials in non-clinical research.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
