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Authors
Salem, Eman M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4464-8653
Khattab, S. M.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Pharos University
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Article History
Received: 24 August 2025
Accepted: 8 December 2025
First Online: 15 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in full accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki for research involving human tissues.Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt (Code: 393).The need for informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee since the teeth used in this in-vitro study were extracted for therapeutic reasons and were considered biological waste according to institutional and national regulations.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
