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Authors
Al-Abdallah, Mariam Mohammad
Salem, Mira Khaldoun
Masoud, Shafiq Adel
Alhaj, Bushra As’ad
AlSamhan, Ahmad Ashraf
Ryalat, Soukaina Tawfiq
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Article History
Received: 1 February 2025
Accepted: 8 December 2025
First Online: 15 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study protocol was approved by the Research Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry at the University of Jordan and the Ethics and Research Committee of Jordan University Hospital (IRB number: 2020/52). Informed consent was obtained from the parents or legal guardians of all participants under the age of 16 prior to their participation in the study. Participants aged 16 and older provided their own informed consent. The research was performed in accordance with the principles and guidelines established by the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
