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Authors
Hussein, Sara Ismail Mohamed https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3113-256X
Anwar, Eman M
Nabil, Omnia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8067-2808
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Cairo University
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Article History
Received: 17 July 2025
Accepted: 16 December 2025
First Online: 17 January 2026
Declarations
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: Informed patient consent, translated into Arabic, was obtained from all participants in the study in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Helsinki Declaration of 1975 and its subsequent revisions. The study protocol and informed consent template were approved by the Ethics Committee of Scientific Research at the Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, on October 27, 2020, with approval number 17/10/20.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
