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Authors
Liu, Hongyu
Chen, Jiawen
Chen, Qiong
Zhang, Lingling
Feng, Yiqi
Wu, Buling
Wu, Jingyi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Scientific Research Training Program of Stomatological Hospital of Southern Medical University (PY2023018)
the Scientific Research Training Program of Stomatological Hospital of Southern Medical University (PY2023022)
the President Foundation of Southern Medical University Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (2022A001)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81900956)
the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou (2025A04J3459)
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Article History
Received: 8 August 2025
Accepted: 18 December 2025
First Online: 26 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study design was permitted by the Ethics Committee of Stomatological Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province, China (Prot. Number 2023-58). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants, and the study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki revised in 2008. All patients were thoroughly informed about the research and completed an informed consent form.
: All authors consent to the publication of this manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
