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Authors
Yu, Jiayin
Huang, Rui
Wang, Xuan
Zhang, Yiran
Li, Yueling
Ye, Yuhang
Ouyang, Mei
Su, Weilan
Wen, Jing
Zhang, Zihe
Liu, Qinwen
Liu, Zhiwen
Liu, Wei
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Article History
Received: 21 August 2025
Accepted: 19 December 2025
First Online: 23 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of Changsha Stomatological Hospital (Approval No. 2025−169). Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. All methods were conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
