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Authors
Kwak, Eun-Jung
Song, Hyeunjeong
Baek, Yoo Sang
Kum, Kee-Yeon
Kim, Jin Man
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Seoul National University Dental Hospital (08-2022-0019)
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Article History
Received: 29 July 2025
Accepted: 22 December 2025
First Online: 3 January 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was granted by the Institutional Review Board of Seoul National University Dental Hospital (CRI21011), in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all participants or their legal representatives, with additional consent procedures implemented for vulnerable individuals and the use of human-derived materials.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
