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Authors
Li, Jingzhi
Xie, Yilun
Xie, Furong
Pei, Jun
Wang, Jun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. (KQYJXK2021)
Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. (KQYJXK2021)
Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. (KQYJXK2021)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (32000571)
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Article History
Received: 18 August 2025
Accepted: 22 December 2025
First Online: 3 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study conforms to the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine (No. SH9H-2024-T391-1). The relevant certification documents for the ethics review have been submitted as an appendix. Consent to participate is not available. This is a retrospective study, and the ethics committee does not require informed consent in retrospective studies.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
