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Authors
Xuan, Bin
Ding, Qiang
Wang, Weili
Liu, Zhuojue
Wang, Yajie
Zuo, Feifei
Yin, Jinlei
Yang, Pan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Hygiene and Health Development Scientific Research Fostering Plan of Haidian District Beijing (HP2023-12-507002)
Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University Young Scientist Program (YSP202007 to P.Y)
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Article History
Received: 2 July 2025
Accepted: 24 December 2025
First Online: 5 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the World Medical Association's Declaration of Helsinki. The Ethics Committee of the Aerospace Center Hospital granted ethical approval for the research procedure (Ethics No. 2023/03501). This study was a retrospective study, and the data had been de identified. It did not involve personal privacy information of patients. According to the ethical review method for biomedical research involving humans issued by the China Health and Family Planning Commission in 2016, after review by the ethics committee, the application for exemption from informed consent for this study had been approved.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
