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Article History

Received: 26 June 2025

Accepted: 30 December 2025

First Online: 8 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This research was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Dental Hospital University of Barcelona (Comitè d’Ètica i Investigació amb Medicaments) with the registration number: 08/2025. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Prior to participation, all subjects received a detailed Participant Information Sheet and provided their written informed consent.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare the following interests outside the submitted work:• Cristina de-la-Rosa-Gay and Laura Pérez-Borrego declare no conflicts of interest.• Alba Sánchez-Torres reports grants, personal fees and non-financial support from MozoGrau (Valladolid, Spain), Mundipharma (Cambridge, UK) and Unither Pharmaceuticals (Paris, France) outside the submitted work. • Carles Subirà-Pifarré reports grants, personal fees and non-financial support from Avinent (Spain). • Eduard Valmaseda-Castellón and Rui Figueiredo report grants, personal fees, non-financial support from Avinent (Spain), Inibsa (Spain), Dentaid SL (Spain), and grants and personal fees from MozoGrau (Spain) and personal fees from Laboratorios Silanes (Mexico) outside the submitted work. They have also participated as investigators in randomized clinical trials sponsored by Geistlich Pharma AG (Switzerland), Mundipharma (UK), Hyloris Development (Belgium) and BBraun (Germany). Dr. Rui Figueiredo reports personal fees from Nobel Biocare (Switzerland). Dr. Figueiredo additionally reports personal fees from Geistlich Pharma AG and Septodont (France).