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Authors
Ren, LinLin
Zhao, Zhang
Liu, Jianghua
Huang, Yaqi
Ouyang, Shengqi
Xiong, Gan
Zhang, Jinqi
Wang, Wenjin
Zhuang, Zehang
Feng, Zhien
Cao, Wei
Wang, Cheng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shanghai "Rising Stars of Medical Talent" Youth Development Program for Outstanding Youth Medical Talents (SHWSRS 2025-71)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82141112)
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Article History
Received: 1 December 2025
Accepted: 2 January 2026
First Online: 23 January 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of the participating centers. The requirement for obtaining informed consent was waived by Medical Ethics Committee of the Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University. (Approval No.: KQEC-2025–084-01).
: No potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported. All authors declare no competing interests in this work.
