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Authors
Tirkkonen, Otso
Tiensuu, Henna
Väyrynen, Elina
Suutala, Jaakko
Vuollo, Ville
Laitala, Marja-Liisa
Karki, Saujanya
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Oulu
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Article History
Received: 30 May 2025
Accepted: 2 January 2026
First Online: 17 January 2026
Declarations
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: The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) Research Ethics Review Board approved the NHANES study, in addition to all the participants having given their written consent for their participation. The NHANES study protocol was approved by the National Center for Health Statistics Research Ethics Review Committee. Participation in the NFBCs and their follow-ups was voluntary, and participants provided their informed consent. The protocols of the NFBCs were approved by the Northern Ostrobothnia Hospital District Ethical Committee (NFBC 1966 permission number: 94/2011 & NFBC 1986 permission number: 108/2017). Clinical trial number: not applicable. The present study was conducted in full accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent revisions.
: Not Applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
