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Authors
Manaa, Mahmoud
Elhady, Soha
Matinlinna, Jukka
Plotino, Gianluca
Turky, Mohammed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4250-9951
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Minia University
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Article History
Received: 11 December 2025
Accepted: 2 January 2026
First Online: 2 February 2026
Declarations
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: The present study was conducted in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee at the Faculty of Dentistry, Minia University, Egypt (Committee No. 108, Registration No. 928). All methods were implemented in line with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Written informed consent was secured from all participants involved in the study.
: Non-applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
