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Authors
Lyu, Xingyu
Shi, Yuke
Bi, Ruiye
Ren, Mingjun
Zhu, Songsong
Cao, Pinyin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Clinical Research Program of West China Hospital of Stomatology (No. LCYJ2023-DL-5 to RB)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82270999, 82471002 to RB)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. W251100, U23A20446 to SZ)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82301109 to PC)
National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2023YFC2509200 to SZ)
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Article History
Received: 27 October 2025
Accepted: 6 January 2026
First Online: 20 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University (WCHSIRB-D-2022-134), and written informed consent was obtained from each patient. For participants under 18 years of age, written informed consent was obtained from their parents or legal guardians.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
