Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Yu, Huan
Li, Jing
Jia, Yan
Zhang, Jiayang
Wang, Zhitao
Zou, Huiru
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Medical Education Research Project of Medical Education Branch of Chinese Medical Association and National Medical Education Development Center (2023B174)
Key Discipline Construction Project of Tianjin Stomatological Hospital (2022P04)
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 16 August 2025
Accepted: 8 January 2026
First Online: 19 January 2026
Declarations
:
: The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and the Belmont Report. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University (No.PH2024-B-004). Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
