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Authors
Chen, Jiaxin
Chen, Xiaoxiao
Wang, Chunmiao
Zhao, Deqiang
Zhang, Yanfeng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Sports Bureau of the Macao SAR Government and the China Institute of Sport Science, under the Macao Citizen Physical Fitness Monitoring program (B24-25)
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Article History
Received: 18 September 2025
Accepted: 9 January 2026
First Online: 20 January 2026
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of the China Institute of Sport Science (protocol code CISSLA20190607, approval date: June 2019). All the students and parents who were tested signed the informed consent form.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
