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Authors
Cai, Xue
Cao, Rongyu
Wang, Xiaoyan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (51602008)
Beijing Natural Science Foundation (7262147)
Clinical Key Specialty Program from Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology (PKUSSNKP-202107)
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Article History
Received: 9 September 2025
Accepted: 20 January 2026
First Online: 29 January 2026
Declarations
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: The current study adheres to the Declaration of Helsinki. It was approved by the Ethical Committee of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, China (PKUSSIRB-202273039). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. It was prospectively registered under the protocol ID MR-11-22-005868 ( ) on 22/07/2022, and retrospectively registered under the protocol ID NCT07197437 ( ) on 15/09/2025. The study adheres to CONSORT guidelines for reporting randomized clinical trials.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
