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Authors
Kokubun, Katsutoshi
Akashi, Yoshihiko
Nakajima, Kei
Yamamoto, Kei
Watanabe, Akira
Katakura, Akira
Matsuzaka, Kenichi
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Article History
Received: 27 June 2025
Accepted: 21 January 2026
First Online: 2 February 2026
Declarations
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: According to the “Research Ethics Guidelines for Clinical Studies” of Tokyo Dental College, retrospective research using anonymized archived data is exempt from institutional review board (IRB) approval. Therefore, ethical approval was not required for this study. Informed consent was not necessary as all data were fully anonymized and the research posed minimal risk to individuals. This study was conducted in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki (2013 revision).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
