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Article History

Received: 27 August 2025

Accepted: 23 January 2026

First Online: 4 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University (Approval No.: [2023] Lun Shen Zi (B11) Hao) on April 12, 2023. Due to the retrospective nature of the study, written informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee, and all data were de-identified to protect patient privacy.The study complied with the Helsinki Declaration.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.